From Wikipedia
In
Urdu, poetry or
Shaayaree, essentially comprises
couplet, or Sher. The plural for Sher is
Ashaar. The form
ghazal
is a collection of mulitiple ashaar - each of which should convey a
complete thought without any reference to other shayari of the same
ghazal. In fact, though belonging to the same ghazal, the different
ashaar therein can have completely different meaning and tone relative
to one another.
Essential Shaayree vocabulary:
Sher
(Couplet).
It consists of two lines (MISRA); first line is called 'MISRA-E-OOLA'
and the second is called 'MISRA-E-SANI'. Each verse embodies a single
thought or subject (sing) SHER, Shero, Shayari, Shyari, Shayri.
Yaaden
Ajeeb
lagti hai shaam kabhi kabhi,Zindagi lagti hai bejan kabhi kabhi,Samajh
aye to hame bhi batana ki,Kiyu karti hai yade itna pareshan kabhi kabhi!
Chand
- chand ko dekha to kuch yaad aa gaya,
- dhundla sa chera nazro pe chaa gaya,
- dhyan s dekha to surat thi apki,
- naam zaban pe chandni aa gaya.
- saanso main bhi shaamil ho lahoo main bhi rawaan ho,
- lekin mery haathon ki lakeeron main kahan ho. by tariq pasha from mirpurkhas sindh
- yaadon mein hamesha yea yaad rakhana,
- nazroon se door sahi dil ke pass rakhana,
- yuhi nahi kehte ki shath rahna,
- door hi shahi magar hame dil ke pass rakhana
Bait-ul-Ghazal
The best Sher in a Ghazal.
Example- a Shēr (
couplet by poet
Majrooh Sultanpuri as given below.
mai.N akelā hī chalā thā zānīb-ē-manzīl magarlōg sāth ātē gayē aur kāravā banatā gayā
(I started all alone towards the goal but people kept joining and it began to turn into a karavan)
[1]
Urdu Ghazal
(Ode). The literary meaning of the word 'GHAZAL' is to converse with beloved. Etymologically, it come from the Arabic word
Ghizaal,
meaning gazelle. It is a poem containing a minimum of 5 verses and
maximum 25. The opening Verse of the GHAZAL is called MATLA and both
hemistiches rhyme with one another. The last verse of the GHAZAL is
called MAQTA which usually contains the penname of the poet. Most of
Persian and Urdu writers have earned fame as GHAZAL writers. GHAZAL is
the soul of Urdu literature and most popular form of Urdu poetry.
The following is an example of
sher, composed by
Mirza Ghalib:
- nahii.n ki mujhko qayaamat kaa etiqaad nahii.n
- shab-e-firaaq se roz-e-jazaa ziyaad nahii.n
- It is not that I do not have faith in (the pains of) the day of judgement
- But the night of separation is not less than the day of judgement.
What the poet is trying to say is that he trusts that the day of judgement would be very painful, as it has been described in
Qur'an and
Hadith; however, this night of separation from his beloved is not less painful than the day of judgement.
A better example of
ghazal is shown below from two couplets of
Baqa Akbarabadi*, a contemporary of
Meer Taqi Meer,
from a ghazal written in the classical conversational form, that is, a
dialogue between the lover and the beloved. This traditional form, as
seen in
Hafiz Shirazi's works in old Persian poetry, does seldom
appear in contemporary Urdu works.Today we have only few good ghazal
writers it includes dr asif husain Tahir faraz,Iqbal ashar,Naseem nikhat
ETC.
Kaha main ne! Sila meri wafa ka tujhsey kya nikla?
Kaha us ne! Nateeja dil lagane ka, bura nikla?
Kaha main ne! Wajah koi teri is be-wafaai ki?
Kaha us ne! Fida mujhpar koi, tujhsey siwa nikla!Said I! What return did my love get back from you?
Said she! Did indeed your heart have a bad experience?
Said I! What caused this unfaithfulness of yours?
Said she! Someone more enchanted than you has shown up!
*Diwaan e Baqa Akbarabadi, Nizami Press Kanpur India 1932. Kutubkhana Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu. Hyderabad. India.
Composition of only a single SHER, Shero-Shayari, Shyari, Shayri is called FARD.
merey bachche mujhe boodha nahiN hone daete
Written in praise of ALLAH
ai do jahan ke wali,ai gulshanon ke mali,her cheese se hai zahir,hikmat teri nirali'."Arham-ur-Raahimeen"(the
greatest of all in mercifulness)is the first collection of Hamdia
sonnets by Tanwir Phool(cf.S.No.7 of "opinion of others" available at
www.allaboutreligions.blogspot.com ).The above book and another notable
collection of Hamdia poetry "Zaboor-e-Sukhan" by Tanwir Phool,have been
published by Jahan-e-Hamd Publications,Urdu Bazar,Karachi(Pakistan).
Hijv
(Satire).
A poem written to condemn or to abuse a person. This form of poetry is
considered of low type and which is usually avoided by reputed poets.
The exact opposite of HIJV is MADAH which is a poem written in praise of
Kings and Patrons.
Matla
Rhyming of the first two lines of a GHAZAL is called HUSN-E-MATLA.
Madah
Poem written in praise of Kings and Patrons.
Poem written in praise of Ahle-E-Bait (the members of the family of Prophet Muhammad) or Sahaaba(companions of the Prophet)
LaayaiN kahaaN se Saani-e-Asnain kaa jawaab ! !Boobakr haiN Rasool ke pahlu maiN mahv-e-khwaab
(From "Anwaar-e-Hiraa" by Tanwir Phool)
The last line of a GHAZAL or a poem which generally contains the poet's pen-name.
A
poem written to commemorate the exploits of great men of Islam; usually
to describe the battle fought on the plains of Karbala in Iraq by
Hazarat Imam Husain and his supporters against the army of Yazid. It is
usually a poem of mourning. The famous MARSIYA writers in Urdu are Mir
Baberali Anis and Salamatali Dabir. Even a short poem written to mourn
the death of a friend can be called MARSIYA. Lord Alfred Tennyson's poem
'In Memoriam' can rightly be called MARSIYA. The sub-parts of MARSIYA
are called NOHA and SOZ which means lamentation and burning of (heart)
respectively.
A
long epic poem describing the battles fought long ago and past events.
It may also contain philosophical or ethical themes. The most famous
MASNAWIS are Shah-Namah of Firdosi, Masnavi-E-Roomi in Persian language
and Zehar-E-Ishq in Urdu.
The opening SHER of a GHAZAL.
One line of a couplet, or verse.
Munajat
A lyrical poem as prayer to God.
Khudaawand-e-doaalam ! benawaaoN ki duaa sun lay!Tujhi se multaji ham haiN,hamaari iltijaa sun lay
(From "Anwaar-e-Hiraa" by Tanwir Phool)
Each unit consists of 6 lines (Misra). Most famous writer of this type of poem is Maulana Altaf Husain Hali.
Verses written in praise of Prophet Muhammad.
Yeh
kaainaat Shah-e-bahr-o-bar kaa sadqa haiJahaaN maiN jo bhi
hai,Khair-ul-bashar kaa sadqa haiNabi ke naam se raushan hai
mash'al-e-eemaaNDiloN maiN noor, Muhammad ke dar kaa sadqa haiChaman
maiN Naat ke aie Phool! hai bahaar aayeeYeh baagh-e-Taiba ke
nakhl-o-samar kaa sadqa haiFalak par chaand taaroN se raqam
ism-e-Muhammad haiSuno tum,daafa-e-ranj-o-alam, ism-e-Muhammad haiBaRa
zeeshaan Un kaa naam hai saari khalaaiq maiNKhuda kaa naam hai,phir
muhtaram ism-e-Muhammad hai (SALLALLAHU alaihi wa aalihi wa sallam)
(From "Qindeel-e-Hira" by Tanwir Phool)
The literary meaning of Nazm is Poetry (cf. Nasr, or Prose) A poem fully dealing with a single subject or thought.
Qafia
Rhyming of the last words of a poem.
(Ballad).
It is a long poem in Urdu, Persian or Arabic which usually describes
battles or written in praise of kings; princes or the poet's patron.
There is no limit of verses; it may even go beyond hundred lines.
Qat'a
(Fragments). It has two Ashaar and has a one complete subject. Plural Qita'at.
Radeef
(End
rhyme). Each SHER or couplet of GHAZAL in addition to QAFIA may also
have RADEEF which is rhyming of more than the last two or three words.
Persian word for Quatrain.
Contains only 4 lines, the third one being different from the other
three as it should not have QAFIA and RADEEF. RUBA'I deals with social,
philosophical and romantic subjects. In Persian language Umar Khayyam is
supposed to be a great poet of RUBAIYY A T whereas in Urdu Yagana,
Firaq and Josh are leading poets of this time and Anis, an old time
poet.
MaiN khud hi saNwaarooN gaa jahaaN ki bastiMaiN
baRh ke badal dooN gaa nizaam-e-hasti!Jannat se nikalwaa diya ShaitaaN!
too ney !Aur auj ke badle maiN dilaa dee pasti
(From "Anwaar-e-Hiraa",by Tanwir Phool)
(Literal
meaning Salutation) It is a kind of poem in which the incidents of
Karbala i.e. hardships of Hazarat Imam Husain and his followers are
described It is also written in praise of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, and
is recited by standing up. Subhan Allah.
Shaheed ho
geyaa Lakht-e-Dil-e-Nabi,daikho! Sipaah-e-Shaam ki pur zulm kaj rawi
daikho ! !Husain karne gaye thay na iqtidaar ki jang! YaqeeN naheeN hai
to bachchoN ki hamrahi daikhoKhuda ki Hamd,Nabi ki Sana,Salam-e-Husain !
Yahi hai Phool kaa rang-e-sukhanwari daikho
(Tanwir Phool)
A song sung at the time of tying Sehra during wedding ceremony, praising the bride or the bridegroom and their relatives.
Shehr Ashob
Ek
Bekasi Hai Hijr Ke Maaron Ke Saath Saath ....Tutaa Hai Mera Dil Bhi
Saharon Ke Saath Saath ....Jee Bhar Ke Dekhne Bhi Na Paaye They Chup
Gaye ....Armaan Bhi Hain Udas Nazaron Ke Saath Saath ....Dil Main
Wafur-e-Shauq Ka Tufaan Liye Hue ....Khamosh Jagta Hoon Sitaaron Ke
Saath Saath ....Itni To Mahviyat Ho Tasawur Main Tere Dost ....Khud Ko
Bhi Bhul Jaun Nazaron Ke Saath Saath ....Ye Aag Ishq Ki Phir Bhi Na Bujh
Saki ....Hai Dil Main Ashk-e-Gham Bhi Sharun Ke Saath Saath ....
Tah-Tul-Lafz
The manner of reciting a poem; like rhythmic prose i.e. without singing; word for word.
A name adopted by a poet, by which he is known in the literary world.
Wasokht
Literal
meaning 'displeasure' or 'disgust'. A kind of poem in which the
displeasure and carelessness of a lover is narrated; while relinquishing
the beloved.
Song or hymn.
dil
jo maghroor haseena se lagaya jaye,goya toofan me charagon ko jalaya
jaye.husn aur ishq ka rishta yun nibha ya jaye,koi bhe khouf-o-khatar
dil me na laya jaye.ret ka ghar labe sahil na banaya jaye,kise sang dil
se kabhe dil na lagaya jaye.wo qayamat ki ghare ho ge a-chanak jo
kisesar se masoom ke ma baap ka saya jaye.arsh ke paye hila dete hai
mazloom ki aahkise mazloom ke dil ko na dukhaya jaye.samne tegh ho sooli
ho safe dushman hofarz ki raah me qadmo ko baraha ya jaye.apne ayebon
ko chchupa lete hain sab hi "SAHIR"aib auron ka jahan tak ho chchupaya
jaye.
GEET
Naam japo uss Daani kaa
jo sab kaa paalanhaar,Zaat Usi ki Baaqi hai aur faani hai sansaar!Jeewan
nayya khainaa mushkil,naazuk hai patwaar,Dil na lagaana iss dunyaa
se,sun lay mere yaar!Yeh dunyaa baikaar jagah hai,yeh dunyaa
baikaar!Rangeeni sansaar ki yaaro ! kis ko aayee raas ?Fitrat hai insaan
ki aiesi,baRhti jaaye pyaas!Dam kaa naheeN hai koi bharosa,lambi mat
kar aas,Dunyaa keya hai?rain baseraa,jaanaa hai uss paar!Yeh dunyaa
baikaar jagah hai,yeh dunyaa baikaar!Oas kaa qatra pahli kiran se ho
jaaye maadoom !Jitne naqsh banaaye Musawwir,sab kaa fanaa maqsoom,AaNkh
ne kitne chehray daikhe jo haiN ab mauhoom,Phool khile aur murjhaaye,yeh
hotaa hai har baar,Yeh dunyaa baikaar jagah hai,yeh dunyaa baikaar!
(From quarterly "SHAIRI" by TANWIR PHOOL)
Sufi music expressing the love and oneness with God or Prophet Muhammad
and his companions sung by a group of people to the accompaniment of
musical instruments. Now-a-days, it has taken popular form covering
subjects of romance, liquor, etc.
See Also
Some famous Urdu Poets using Sher include:
DUKH, DARD, CHUBHAN or Be-Kali ne jab lafzon ka dilkash perahan
zeeb-e-tan kiya to SHAIRI (POETRY) wajood main aai.SHAIRI (POETRY) zehni
riazat ka nichor nahi bal-ke ye ROOH main jalty hoye AALAO ka hasil hy,
ya phir Tanhaii main dasti udasi ka zehar.
Agar ye cheekhty dil
ki awaz nahi, to machalty man ki sargoshi hy. Ye andar k aandhero ka
sehma sakoot hy jo bahar k mahool main bajty su-ron ko thamny per
majboor kar deta hy. Shairi (POETRY) os dard ki zuban hy jo aankhon k
pataal ko khushk rakhta hy.
SHAIRI (Poetry) nazuk jazbaat -o- ehsasaat ko alfaz main dhal kar goya DARYA ko kozy main band kar deti hy.
Isy
Takhay’yul (imagination) ki jadu-nagri kahain, ya alfaz ki jadu-nagri.
Baat to aik hi hy jo hareem-e-zaat main poshida un-kahy jazboon ko aayan
kar de wo jadu-nagri nahi to or kiya hy? Rahi baat SHAIR (POET) ki to
kisi ka SHAIR (POET) hona os k nehayat HASSAASS hone per dalalat karta
hy.
Ab koch apna taaruf kar-way deta hon ta-ke dosti ki fiza main
acha safar katy.mera naam "Syed Ali Abbas Zaidi hy" or pakistan k sob-ay
SINDH sy mera taal-luq hy. MBA k bad apne kamry main small si library
or apni dairy main gum rehta hon. Adab sy gehra lagao hy. GULAB-rutain
or zard MOSAM yak-san pasand hain.Yaadon k hisar main rehna acha lagta
hy. Talo-e-aftab (sun rise) or Gharoob-e-Aftab (Sunset) meri neem jaan
Shairi (Poetry) ko taqweeyat dety hain.
Shairon (about poets) k
bary main kaha jata hy k inhain acha mosam boht mutasir karta hy maslan
badal, barish, bahaar, lekin main bahar k mosam k bajay andar ka mosam
INSAN ki shakhsiyat pe ziyada asar andaz hota hy.
Ap soch rahy hongy k kiya waja hy jo meri Shairi ki kitab (book of poetry) abhi tak nah aai?
Baat
ye hy k main miqdar k bajay Quality ka qaiil hon, main chahta hon k
apni zindagi k sary tajarbaat, sari talkhiya jo mushkilon sy hasil ki
main ne or unhain shair ka perahan diya hy unka aysa kara intekhab apny
Qarain (readers) k hathon main don jo mere marne k baad b mujhy Zinda
rakhy, main Zindagi main aik Shairi (poetry) sy bhar-por kitab lana
chahta hon.
*ρøξΤπΨ* *Čøōмĭňğ §ōōŋ*
References
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External Links
[1] for Hamd & Naat in English, also see Tanwir Phool[2] for Sms Shayari popular on Mobile phones
but often i feel sad coz i coudn't see her alive with my own eyes..!
she passed a life of honour. i'm saddam(sam)